PMN-CD11b Levels and Its Correlation with Left Atrial Diameter in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To observe the levels of CD11b expressions in the surface of neutrophils in serum，and its correlation with left atrial diameter ，and to study the inflammatory mechanisms in atrial fibrillation（AF） patients. 【Methods】Clinical characteristics and blood samples of AF group and sinal rhythm group were collected. CD11b levels in the surface of neutrophils were examined by flow cytometry. Left atrial diameter was examined by echocardiography. 【Results】The AF group included 85 patients ：36 with paroxysmal AF；26 with persistent AF；23 with permanent AF. The sinal rhythm group includes 57 patients. PMN- CD11b levels were significantly higher in Af group than in sinal rhythm group（P＜0.01）. The left atrial diameter was larger in AF group than in sinal rhythm group（P＜0.01）. Multivariate analysis revealed that PMN-CD11b，left atrial diameter and Valvular heart disease were independent predictors of atrial fibrillation.【Conclusions】PMN- CD11b levels were elevated in paroxysmal AF when AF was present and in persistent， permanent AF patients，implying atrial fibrillation was closely related to inflammation；PMN-CD11b were correlated with left atrial diameter，inflammation might participate in the atrial structural remodeling in AF patients ；PMN-CD11b levels were elevated in AF patients with high risk thrombosis，inflammation might have some value to embolic risk stratification according to CHA2DS2-VASc score.

Clinical analysis of esophageal submucosal hematoma caused by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy: 5-cases-report and literature review / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To study the etiology clinical features, treatment outcomes and prevention of esophageal submucosal hematoma caused by endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) of esophageal varices. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients who were diagnosed with esophageal submucosal hematoma caused by EIS and treated in our hospital from Jan 2014 to July 2016. Five patients were analyzed including one patient receiving endoscopic gastrointestinal catheterization combined with medication, and the remaining four received medication therapy only. Results All five patients were discharged with clinical improvement. However the patients treated only with medication therapy recovered more slowly than the ones who treated with combined therapy. No treatment related side-effects were observed among two treatment groups. Conclusion Endoscopic gastrointestinal catheterization combined with medication may be an effective treatment for esophageal submocasal hematoma caused by EIS. However, the actual clinical efficacy and safety remain to be proven by future large sample randomized clinical studies.

Effects of dynamic pressure on the expression of PTHrP mRNA in metaphyseal cartilage stem cells of rats / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study the effect of dynamic pressure on the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP)mRNA in metaphyseal cartilage stem cells of rats so as to further explore whether fiber actin (F-actin)is involved in the mechanical signal transduction process.Methods We isolated and cultured metaphyseal cartilage stem cells of rats by immunomagnetic beads.The third-generation rat metaphyseal cartilage stem cells were randomly divided into four groups:0%,3%,6%,and 12% deformed groups according to the size of dynamic pressure strength.We used a self-prepared dynamic tonic culture device to exert different intensity of pressure on each group of cells for 24 hours.Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate.The expression of PTHrP mRNA in each group was detected by Rea-l time quantitative PCR. Furthermore,the third-generation rat metaphyseal cartilage stem cells were randomly divided into four groups:control group,simple pressure group (6% deformation),pressure+cytoskeleton relaxin D group,and simple cytoskeleton relaxin D group according to whether or not to apply pressure and cytoskeleton relaxin D.F-actin fibers in each group of cells were stained with phalloidin and placed under a laser scanning confocal microscope.The expression of PTHrP mRNA in each group was detected by Real-time quantitative PCR.Results The results of flow cytometry showed no significant difference in G0/G1,G2/M and S phases between 0%,3%,6% and 12% deformed groups (P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the apoptosis rate between 3% and 6% deformed groups compared with 0% deformed group (P＞0.05).The apoptosis rate was significantly higher in 1 2 % deformed group than in control group (P＜0.05).The results of laser confocal microscopy showed that the arrangement of F-actin fibers in the pressure group was neat and parallel compared with that in the control group, which was consistent with the direction of force.The intracellular F-actin fiber structure in pressure+cytoskeleton relaxin D group and simple cytoskeleton relaxin D group was destroyed and aggregated into clusters.Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that PTHrP mRNA expression did not significantly differ between 3% and 0% deformed groups (P＞0.05).The expression of PTHrP mRNA in 6% and 12% deformed groups was significantly higher than that in 0% group (P＜0.05).The expression of PTHrP mRNA in the cells of simple pressure group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the expression of PTHrP mRNA between simple cytoskeleton relaxin D group and control group (P＞0.05).The mRNA expression of PTHrP was higher in pressure+cytoskeleton relaxin D group than that in control group,but lower than in simple pressure group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The dynamic pressure of proper intensity can increase the mRNA expression of PTHrP in chondrocytes of metaphyseal hypertrophy in rats,and F-actin is involved in the mechanical signal transduction process.

Plant metabolomics approach for age discrimination of mountain cultivated ginseng using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS / 中国中药杂志

Growth year is one of the important factors for the quality of mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG). For age differentiation of MCG, rhizome extracts of ginseng aged from 11 to 15 years were analyzed using a non-targeted approach with ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based on plant metabolomics technique. Multivariate statistical methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to compare the derived patterns among the samples. The results showed that the chemical constituents of MCG rhizome extracts of ginseng aged from 11 to 15 years were different. The data set was subsequently applied to metabolite selection by variable importance in the projection (VIP) for sophisticated classification with the optimal number of metabolites. The OPLS-DA model of MCG has a high interpretability and predictive capability, which established by selecting metabolites of MCG aged from 11 to 15 years. By this approach, MCG samples aged from 11 to 15 years, which are the most in demand in the Chinese ginseng market, can be precisely differentiated on the basis of selected metabolites. This proposed analytical method is fast, accurate, and reliable for discriminating the growth year of MCG. Moreover, this study supplies a new method for the age discrimination of other Chinese medicinal materials.

CYP450 enzyme inhibition of berberine in pooled human liver microsomes by cocktail probe drugs / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of CYP450 enzyme inhibition of berberine in pooled human liver microsomes by cocktail probe drugs.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Cocktail probe drugs method has been established, an LC-MS/MS analytical method has been established to determine the five probes of midazolam, phenacetin, dextromethorphan, tolbutamide, chlorzoxazone and the internal standard was benzhydramine to evaluate the effect of CYP450 activity following administration of berberine in pooled human liver microsomes.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with control group, the pharmacokinetics of midazolam, phenacetin and tolbutamide were no significant differences, but the pharmacokinetics of chlorzoxazone was significantly decreased. There were no significant differences for the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan when the concentration of berberine was 50 microg x L(-1). The pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan was significantly decreased when the concentration of berberine was exceed 200 microg x L(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Berberine has no influence on the activities of CYP3A4, CYP1A2 and CYP2C19 below 2 000 microg x L(-1), but can inhibit the activity of CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 in concentration-dependent.</p>

Association of higher resistin levels with inflammatory activation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with essential hypertension / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Some studies have shown that serum resistin levels increase in hypertensive patients. Whether the increase of resistin is related to inflammatory or vascular endothelial function is still unknown. We investigated the relationship of increased resistin levels to inflammatory factors and circulating biomarkers of vascular endothelial function in hypertensive patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and forty-four nondiabetic patients with new onset, hypertension were recruited. Blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin, resistin, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured. The homeostasis model assessment, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Patients were divided into two groups according to the median level of resistin. Cytokine levels and indicators of vascular endothelial function were compared. Multiple linear regression was used to determine factors influencing resistin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum resistin ranged from 2.57 ng/ml to 20.18 ng/ml in hypertensive patients. High resistin group (> 8.36 ng/ml) had higher levels of TNF-α, IL-6, vWF and ET-1 but lower level of NO compared with low resistin group (P < 0.01). Resistin was positively correlated with body mass index, systolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TNF-α and ET-1 but negatively correlated with NO (all P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that HOMA-IR, TNF-α, NO and ET-1 are independent predictors of resistin with standardized regression coefficients of 0.625, 0.368, -0.260 and 0.222, respectively (all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We conclude that higher resistin levels are associated with inflammatory activation and endothelial dysfunction, because patients with essential hypertension have increased TNF-α, IL-6, vWF and ET-1 and decreased NO. Moreover, the statistical association of resistin with TNF-α, NO and ET-1 suggests involvement of resistin in the progression of hypertension by influencing inflammation and endothelial function.</p>

Experimental study on the glutamine's intervention effect on the opening of permeability transition pore in myocardial mitochondrial membrane / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the intervention effect and the possibly mechanism of the glutamine (Gln) on the opening change of the permeability transition pore (PTP) in the myocardial mitochondrial membrane under the overtraining state.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>30 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 10): control group (CG group), overtraining group (OG group) and supplementary (Gln) + overtraining group group). Spectrophotometry was used to test the openness of the permeability transition pore in the myocardial mitochondrial membrane. Electrochemistry was used to test the malondialdehyde (MDA) and the glutathione (GSH) content and the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>OG group compared with the GOG group, the absorbance (A0) and the absorbance change (Delta A) were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Rh123 fluorescence (F0) intensity was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Rhodamine123 (Rh123) fluorescence change (delta F) was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the GOG, the mitochondrial GSH was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the PLA2 activity and the content of MDA were significantly increased (P <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Overtraining could lead to opening increase of permeability transition pore in the myocardial mitochondrial membrane, after overtraining, the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and PLA2 activity were increased, GSH content was decreased. But added exogenous Gln had a significant intervention effect for these changes.</p>

Changes in cytokines in lymph and T lymphocyte subsets in lymph node of burned rats / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of burn on cytokines in lymph and T lymphocyte subsets in lymph node of rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen Wistar rats were used in the experiment. One of the hind limbs of each rat was immersed in 70 °C hot water for 30 s to reproduce 4%TBSA deep partial-thickness scald model (burn group), while the other hind limb was immersed in 22 °C warm water for 30 s to simulate scald (sham injury group). On post injury hour (PIH) 6, 24, and 72, 6 rats were chosen according to the random number table. Lymph fluid in the lymph vessel of each animal (two groups) was obtained for determination of levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) by ELISA, and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was calculated. Common iliac lymph node of each animal (two groups) was obtained for determination of ratios of CD4(+), CD8(+)T lymphocytes with flow cytometry, and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio was calculated. Data were processed with t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) On PIH 6, 24, and 72, TNF-α level in burn group was respectively (51.6 ± 5.4), (27.4 ± 2.6), (23.0 ± 2.7) pg/mL, which were significantly higher than those in sham injury group [(17.8 ± 1.6), (16.4 ± 1.2), (17.2 ± 2.0) pg/mL, with t value respectively 15.346, 11.854, 4.189, P values all below 0.01]. (2) On PIH 6, 24, and 72, there was no significant statistical difference between burn group and sham injury group in IFN-γ level (with t value respectively 2.059, -0.805, -0.415, P values all above 0.05); IL-4 level in burn group was respectively higher than that in sham injury group (with t value respectively 9.141, 11.669, 6.940, P values all below 0.01); IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in burn group (2.27 ± 0.34, 1.54 ± 0.19, 1.60 ± 0.16) was respectively lower than that in sham injury group (3.33 ± 0.25, 3.34 ± 0.22, 2.52 ± 0.24, with t value respectively -6.298, -11.313, -8.893, P values all below 0.01). (3) On PIH 6 and 24, there was no significant statistical difference between burn group and sham injury group in ratios of CD4(+) and CD8(+)T lymphocytes and also CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio (with t values from -2.486 to -0.215, P values all above 0.05). On PIH 72, ratio of CD4(+)T lymphocytes and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio in burn group was respectively (38.6 ± 2.3)% and 2.13 ± 0.16, which were significantly lower than those in sham injury group [(48.9 ± 2.9)% and 2.68 ± 0.12, with t value respectively -7.551, -5.068, P values below 0.01]; there was no significant statistical difference between burn group and sham injury group in ratio of CD8(+)T lymphocytes (t = 0.845, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Burn may decrease IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in locally drained lymph and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio in locally drained lymph node of rat, which may indicate lowering of local immune function.</p>

PPAR gamma agonist rosiglitazone alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat cardiac myocytes / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of different concentrations of PPAR gamma agonist rosiglitazone on hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress, cell viability and apoptosis in rat cardiac myocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cultured rat cardiac myocytes were divided into 5 groups, namely group I (normal group), group II (20 micromo/L ROS group), group III (I/R group), group IV (I/R+20 micromo/L ROS group), and group V (I/R+80 micromo/L ROS group). Group IV and group V were treated with rosiglitazone 12 h before hypoxia/reoxygenation. The changes in cell morphology were observed under optical and transmission electron microscopy, and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content were determined after the treatment. MTT assay was performed to assess the cell viability and flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell apoptosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hypoxia/reoxygenation resulted in significantly increased MDA and LDH contents and apoptosis of the cardiac myocytes (P<0.05), but lowered SOD activity and the cell viability (P<0.05). The MDA and LDH contents and apoptotic rate were significantly lower but SOD content and cell vitality significantly higher in groups IV and V than in group III (P<0.05). Group V showed significantly lower MDA and LDH contents and apoptotic rate but higher but SOD content and cell vitality than group IV (P<0.05). Electron microscopy revealed obvious apoptotic changes in group III, and only mild changes were found in group V.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rosiglitazone can significantly reduce hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress in cardiac myocytes, improve the cell viability and dose-dependently reduce the apoptotic rate of the cardiac myocytes.</p>

Blockades of angiotensin and aldosterone reduce osteopontin expression and interstitial fibrosis infiltration in rats with myocardial infarction / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>It has been reported that osteopontin has an important role in cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. However, its direct mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of angiotensin and aldosterone blockades in cardiac osteopontin expression associated with cardiac remodeling in myocardial infarcted (MI) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty SD rats that survived 24 hours after ligating left anterior descending coronary artery were randomly divided into three groups: MI-saline group (n = 15, 5 ml/d), MI-perindopril group (n = 18, perindopril 2 mgxkg(-1)d(-1)) and MI-spironolacton (n = 17, spironolacton 20 mgxkg(-1)xd(-1)). A sham operation group (n = 15) was selected as non-infarcted control. At 6 weeks after treatment, hemodynamic pararmeters and left ventricular function were measured with catheterization, interstitial fibrosis infiltration and cardiomyocyte diameters were evaluated histologically. Myocardium osteopontin protein expression level in the non-infarcted myocardium was detected by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No osteopontin protein was detected in the myocardium of sham-operation rats. High levels of osteopontin protein expression were detected in the MI-saline rats, but the levels were suppressed in the MI-perindopril and MI-spironolacton rats at 6 weeks following MI (P < 0.01, respectively). Compared with the sham operation group, all rats in the MI group showed marked interstitial fibrosis infiltration in the non-infarction area, higher ventricular weight/body weight ratio, significantly increased cardiomyocyte diameter (P < 0.01, respectively), and developed significant systolic and diastolic dysfunction as indicated by decreased left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and +/-dp/dt, as well as increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) (P < 0.01, respectively). Angiotensin and aldosterone blockades partly prevented cardiac fibrosis and systolic and diastolic dysfunction (P < 0.01, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Treatment with angiotensin and aldosterone blockades inhibits expression of osteopontin in the non-infarcted myocardium and prevents cardiac remodeling following MI.</p>

Effects of oxidative stress on ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of oxidative stress on ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>AMI was induced in 20 SD rats by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery, and another 12 rats without the ligation served as the sham-operated group. Six weeks after the operation, the heart mass index (HMI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), right ventricular mass index (RVMI), the indexes of heart function, cardiac myocyte apoptosis index, collagen content and collagen I/III ratio and the indexes of oxidative stress were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After AMI, HMI, LVMI and RVMI increased significantly (P<0.05), the heart function deteriorated significantly (P<0.01), and the cardiac myocyte apoptosis index in the non-infarct area, collagen content and collagen I/III ratio in the infarct and non-infarct areas were all significantly increased (P<0.05 or 0.01). Myocardial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly lowered after AMI, which resulted in significantly increased myocardial malondialdehyde (MDA) level and decreased ratio of SOD/MDA (P<0.05). Correlations were found between the indexes of oxidative stress in myocardium, those of the heart function and those pertaining to ventricular remodeling after AMI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Oxidative stress may be involved in ventricular remodeling after AMI, and antioxidants can be an option for treatment of ventricular remodeling.</p>

Expression of endopolygalacturonase A of Aspergillus oryzae in Escherichia coli / 生物工程学报

Pectinases are mainly used in the food industry to clarify fruit juices and wine, improve oil extraction, remove the peel from the citrus fruit, increase the firmness of some fruits and degum fibres. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae, used for the production of traditional fermented foods, only could produce less pectinases under general conditions. So far only a few of PGs expressed in yeast or E. coli were reported but they did not show higher activity. The cDNA of mature PGA (without signal peptide) was synthesized with specific primers from total RNA of Aspergillus oryzae by RT-PCR. PGA cDNA was ligated into pET-28a( + ) expression vector, creating plasmid pET-28a( + )-pgA. The plasmid pET-28a( + )-pgA was transformed into E. coli Turner (DE3) plac I cells to express PGA heterogeneously. For improving the efficiency of PGA expression in E. coli, the conditions for expression of the PGA in E. coli were optimized. E. coli Turner (DE3) plac I cells with pET-28a( + )-pgA was first cultivated at 37 degrees, 220r/min until OD600nm reached about 0.8. Then, cultivation broth was added with 0.5 mmol/L IPTG and incubated at 15 degrees C, 170r/min for other 24 h for induced-expression of PGA. Our data showed that the activity of recombinant expressed PGA could reach to 70u/mL medium, which is 87.5-fold of the activity of PGA produced in culture of A. oryzae and superior than known recombinant expression amount of PGA reported by other researchers.

Association of angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism with ACE and PAI-1 levels in Guangdong Chinese Han patients with essential hypertension / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the levels of ACE and PAI-1 in Chinese Han patients with essential hypertension (EH) in Guangdong Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the ACE genotype, colorimetry used to measure the serum ACE level, and spectrophotometric assay performed to examine the plasma PAI-1 level in 115 EH patients and 96 healthy controls in Guangdong Province.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ACE DD genotype and D allele frequencies were significantly higher in EH group than in the control group (P<0.05), and the EH patients also had significantly higher serum ACE level and plasma PAI-1 level than the control subjects (P<0.01). The serum ACE level was positively correlated with plasma PAI-1 level in both EH group and control group (r=0.7913 and 0.7806, respectively, P<0.01). In EH group, the patients with DD genotype showed significantly higher serum ACE and plasma PAI-1 levels than those with ID and II genotypes (P<0.01), and patients with ID genotype had significantly higher ACE and PAI-1 levels than those with II genotype (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The DD genotype and D allele of ACE gene can be risk factors for essential hypertension in Chinese Han subjects in Guangdong Province, and the EH patients have elevated serum ACE and plasma PAI-1 levels. Increased ACE level due to DD polymorphism may play an important role in elevating plasma PAI-1 level. The genetic variation of ACE contributes to the balance of fibrinolytic pathway, which may be one of the pathological mechanisms linking the ACE I/D genotype and EH.</p>

Expression of pectin lyase 1 from Aspergillus oryzae in Escherichia coli / 生物工程学报

Pectin lyases from Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger are usually used for the production of traditional fermented foods, but these fungi produce less pectinases under natural conditions. The cDNA coding mature Pell (without signal peptide) was amplified from Aspergillus oryzae by RT-PCR. Pell cDNA was cloned into pET-28a ( + ) expression vector, then was transformed into E. coli Turner (DE3) plac I cells to express Pell with 6-His tag. For improving the efficiency of Pell expression in E. coli, the conditions of expressing the Pell in E. coli were optimized. E. coli Turner (DE3) plac I cells with pET-28a ( + )-pell was first cultivated at 37 degrees C, 220 r/min until OD600 reached about 0.8. Then, cultivation broth was added with 0.05-0.1 mmol/L IPTG and continuously incubated at 15 degrees C, at 170 r/min for 60 h for expressing of Pell. The recombinant expressed Pell activity could reach 400 u/mL medium, which is 4000-fold of Pell produced naturally by A. oryzae and superior than known recombinant amount of pectin lyases expressed in different fungi expression systems.

Effects of perindopril on left ventricular remodeling and myocardial osteopontin expression in rats with myocardial infarction / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of perindopril on left ventricular remodeling and myocardial osteopontin expression in rats with myocardial infarction (MI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male adult SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, MI-saline group and MI-perindopril group, and in the latter two groups, ligation of the left anterior descending artery was performed to establish rat models of myocardial infarction and perindopril (2 mg/kg daily) or saline was administered since the next day of MI. Four weeks later, the left ventricular diameter (LVEDD and LVESD) and left ventricular ejection fraction were estimated with echocardiography, and the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and -/+dp/dt(max) was obtained via hemodynamic measurement, with also evaluation of the cardiac myocyte diameter and interstitial fibrosis infiltration with histological methods. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression level of myocardium osteopontin protein.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the sham-operation group, all MI rats developed significant systolic and diastolic dysfunction, as indicated by decreased LVEF, LVSP and -/+dp/dt(max), as well as increased LVEDP. MI rats showed significantly dilated left ventricles and higher ventricular weight/body weight ratio, significantly increased cardiomyocyte diameter and marked interstitial fibrosis in the non-infarction area. Perindopril treatment partially prevented cardiac dysfunction and left ventricular remodeling as indicated by the above indices. No osteopontin was detected in the myocardium of sham-operation rats, and in MI rats, high level of osteopontin expression, as detected in MI-saline group, was significantly inhibited by perindopril treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Perindopril treatment can significantly inhibit left ventricular remodeling and myocardium osteopontin expression in rats with MI.</p>

Effects of Probucol on Expression of Bcl-2,Bax and Oxidative Stress in Myocardial Infarcted Rats / 中华高血压杂志

Background Cardiomyocytes apoptosis was related to oxidative stress which has been shown to play an important role in ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction(MI).Probucol is a hypolipidemic and antioxidant agents.Several reports demonstrated its cardioprotective effect after MI.However,the exact effect of probucol on the modification of the apoptosis related gene Bcl-2 and Bax is not clear.Objective To investigate the effects of probucol on mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2,Bax and oxidative stress in myocardial infarcted rats.Methods Forty-one SD rats that survived 24 h after ligating left anterior descending coronary artery were randomly to receive placebo-saline(5 mL/d,n=20)or probucol(probucol 60 mg/kg?d,n=21).Twelve rats underwent sham operation were served as control(n=12).Six weeks after treatment,hemodynamic pararmeters and left ventricular function were measured with catheterization.Cardiomyocytes apoptosis were determined by TUNEL method.Myocardium mRNA of Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels in the non-infarcted myocardium were as- sessed by RT-PCR.The myocardium protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the non-infarcted myocardium were de- termined by Western blot.Colorimetry was used to determine oxidative metabolism index in myocardium.Results 1)Compared with the sham rats,all MI rats showed marked decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression in myo- cardium with increase of Bax mRNA and protein expression and apoptosis index(P